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Many Views of Melvilles Bartelby The Scrivener Essay

All literary works are written from a specific standpoint. This standpoint originates from the mind of the author. The author, when creating his literary work, has a specific diagram/plan and vision of what the story is supposed to convey. However, not all readers will interpret the literary work in the way that the author him/herself has presented it. Many times, in fact, the audience will perceive the literary work as having an entirely different meaning than what it was meant to have. The short story, Bartelby the Scrivener by Herman Melville, has been reviewed by several different critics as having several different standpoints. These standpoints include Bartelby as a Psychological Double to the Narrator, an apostle of†¦show more content†¦The narrator, confidently from the very introduction of Bartelby’s character, describes his every move and demeanors as if it was his own. He is able to successfully convey to the unidentified audience who Bartelby is, while managing to leave room for mystery within the character. The familiarity in the narrator’s description leads to a sort of justification of Marcus’ theory of the narrator and Bartelby as a â€Å"Psychological Double.† However, in order to successfully justify this theory, I believe that Marcus should have proceeded to convince his audience that the other characters, Turkey, Nippers, and Ginger Nut, are also alter personalities of the narrator. They too were an intricate p art of the narrator’s description. Each of these characters possessed several positive and negative qualities quite familiar to the narrator. I feel that it is inadequate for Marcus to solely choose Bartelby and leave out the other characters as alternate personalities. Critique of Reason The critic, R.K. Gupta, uses â€Å"reason† to justify his standpoint on Melville’s, Bartelby the Scrivener. Gupta writes: â€Å" The unnamed narrator of â€Å"Bartelby, the Scrivener† is an apostle or reason. His outlook on life is clear, unambiguous, and uncluttered by mysticism or imagination. Reason and common sense are his deities, and he looks upon them as infallible guides to human conduct.† (IJ of

Reducing Your Risk of Breast Cancer Essay - 1470 Words

The one question that needs to be asked by women is â€Å"how can I reduce my risk of getting breast cancer?† because all women are at risk. It is very important that all women know how to lessen their chances of getting breast cancer because women are most vulnerable of developing the illness. It is estimated that over â€Å"192,370 women will be diagnosed with and 40,170 women will die† of breast cancer in the year 2009; both the number of diagnoses and deaths can be cut in half if women try to lower their risk of breast cancer (seer.cancer.org). If women do not do something for themselves before developing breast cancer, doctors will not be able to do much to keep them alive after they do develop breast cancer if it spreads. However, by†¦show more content†¦According to Pam Stephan, the writer of â€Å"Breast Cancer Prevention-†¦Ã¢â‚¬  there will also be a reduction in the risk of developing breast cancer because â€Å"hormone balances are differe nt during lactation, resulting in fewer menstrual cycles and less estrogen exposure.† The most important thing that happens when someone breast-feeds is that the breast cells become â€Å"more resistant to cancer-related mutations† (Stephan). Although breast-feeding does reduce the risk of breast cancer among all women, it is more likely to have a larger percentage of risk reduction on women who are premenopausal, because they have a chance to have more children and breast-feed more times (ODonnell and Axelrod pg.83, 84). If it is possible, every woman should try to breast-feed their child because it can make both the child and the mother healthier. Exercising regularly should be very important to a woman that wants to stay fit, healthy, and most importantly away from breast cancer. There is not enough evidence to conclude that exercise can directly reduce the risk of breast cancer; but it helps by creating things that will. According to the book 100 Questions A nswers About Breast Cancer (100 Questions Answers), exercise helps â€Å"reduce estrogen levels,† (estrogen is the cause for 80% of cancer in the breast), â€Å"fights obesity, lowers insulin levels, boost the immune system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and all those things help decrease the risk of breast cancer. Exercise isShow MoreRelated72 New Gene Mutation Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic Mutations Linked to Hereditary Breast Cancer According to the National Cancer Institute, invasive breast cancer affects approximately 1 in 8 U.S. women, and about 5% to 10% of all breast cancers are hereditary. At present, most people are familiar with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are inherited gene mutations—or abnormalities in the DNA sequencing—that increase the risk of developing breast cancer. According to statistics from the National Cancer Institute, by age 70, 55% to 65% ofRead MorePrimary Prevention of Breast Cancer1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussion based on your personal belief, and based on valid research. Paper should be 1.5 – 2 pages. APA format must be followed. Detailed assignment information will be provided. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the 2nd most leading cause of their death. It is estimated that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life time and it will claim as many as 40,000 lives in the US only.( http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts) Primary preventionRead MoreTwentieth Century is the Cancer Century1801 Words   |  7 Pagestwentieth century has often been called the cancer century. This is because more than a hundred types of cancer have been discovered in this century, and secondly, because enormous medical efforts have been made to fight all kinds of cancer throughout the world. In the early decades of the twentieth century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease. Although some cancers are still fatal, medical therapy has developed significantly over the years so that most cancers can be treated and cured. After decadesRead MoreThe Importance of Exercise for Cancer Prevention and Recurrence600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Exercise for Cancer Prevention and Recurrence Cancer is known as one the prevalent diseases in the world today. Every year millions of people are afflicted by this disease. Cancer is a class of diseases wherein cells grow out of control. There may have been no proven way to completely prevent cancer but there are steps that can lower your risk or keep it from recurring. Eating a healthy diet is always on the top of the list when it comes to cancer prevention. Certain componentsRead MoreCancer and White Blood Cells1580 Words   |  7 Pages Cancer 1. Introduction In this essay, I will talk about how cancer creates in our bodies and the different ways that it can be treated. We will learn that scientists find some ways to prevented after continue researches throughout the years. Then in the end, we will see how cancer affects population and at the same time our way of life. 2. Cancer facts and Classes Nobody knows when cancer originated, but thanks to scientists and new researchersRead More Breast Cancer Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer There is a large amount of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer every day but they usually do not know a lot about it in terms of how it forms and the many ways it can be treated. Breast cancer is a very serious disease that shouldn’t be taken lightly; if it is left untreated it can spread to other organs and eventually kill you.   Even if you do not have breast cancer, chances are that you know or will know someone who will get it, so it is imperative that people understandRead MoreHow Exercising Reduces Health Risks886 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Risks Exercise can benefit the human body in many ways. Exercising promotes blood flow and strengthens your heart and arteries. There have been many studies over the years to find the best ways to positively benefit your health, and exercise is one of the top ways reduce the chance of many health problems. The recommended amount of physical activity, or exercise, is around one hundred and fifty minutes a week, or twenty-two minutes a day (Mercola, 2015). Exercise can lower your chancesRead MoreBreat Cancer Screening Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesBREAST CANCER SCREENING DR. DANA MORTEZ ARLECIA PURVIS JULY 17, 2011 Current research shows mammograms are stronger than in the past. In a recent study it has confirmed that mammograms benefit for women in their forties and fifties. Women feel confident about the benefits that are associated with a regular mammograms for finding cancer early. However, mammograms can have their limitations. A mammogram will miss some cancers, and it sometimes can leadRead MoreHealth Plan For A Healthy Lifestyle1374 Words   |  6 Pagesmother’s side) died of breast cancer, my grandfather (on my mother’s side) has developed Huntington’s disease, and my grandfather (on my father s side) had Parkinson s disease. To reduce the chances of developing any of these diseases, I must take into consideration different healthcare options, nutrition plans, physical activity regimens, stress factors, environmental factors, and be aware of what I use as a consumer. It is estimated that about 12% of women will develop breast cancer at some point inRead More The Links Between Diet And Cancer Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe Link Between Diet and Cancer Every year, 1.2 million people are diagnosed with cancer and more than 500,000 people die from the disease. According to the National Cancer Institute, over 30% of these deaths can be attributed to diet. This means that the average person can greatly lower his risk of getting cancer simply by changing his diet. There is, of course, no guarantee against cancer, but the lifestyle choices that we make now can have a huge impact on our lives in the future. (http://www

The Five Pillars Of Islam - 1289 Words

ONE verse from the Quran: â€Å"[Believers], argue only in the best way with the People of the Book, except those of them who act unjustly. Say, ‘We believe in what was revealed to us and in what was revealed to you; our God and your God is one [and the same]; we are devoted to Him’.† Quran 29:46 Hadith: If you guarantee me six things on your part I shall guarantee you Paradise: Speak the truth when you talk, keep a promise when you make it, when you are trusted with something fulfill your trust, avoid sexual immorality, lower your gaze (out of modesty), and restrain your hands from injustice. One of the Five Pillars of Islam: the Pillar of faith, including belief in One God, belief in God’s scriptures, belief in God’s angels, belief in†¦show more content†¦It explains that our God is the same as their God. That is relevant because many people in the West believe that Muslims are against them and their religion, or even that Muslims want to do jihad attacks against anybody who is not Muslim. This quote proves that, in fact, there is a lot of respect from Muslims towards Jews and Christians and their beliefs. The hadith from Prophet Muhammad s sayings prescribes a formula for Muslims to be sure to enter heaven. The prophet Mohammed (PBUH) mentions to always tell the truth, keep promises, be trustworthy, modest, sexually moral, and just. This quote is significant because Muslims want to enter heaven and sometimes they may worry that they are not doing all the prayers or other things, so this is something that gives us a chance that if we are good people we can enter heaven. It even means also that some people, even if they are not Muslims, and they follow these teachings, they can enter heaven. This quote is relevant to our times because these important values are not the main values of the Western society. They seem like old values that are being lost but in fact they are still very important. It is difficult to keep these values in this days, with the influence of the media and other factors, especially the part about avoiding sexual immorality. This is a good reminder for all Muslims ab out these basic principles that they should follow in their behavior toShow MoreRelatedThe Five Pillars Of Islam2378 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ The Five Pillars Of Islam Subject: Religious Education Name: Nathaniel Hall Date of Submission: April 9, 2014 Table Of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦2 The Shahadah†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.3 The Salat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The Zakat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 The Sawm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦6 The Hajj†¦..................................................................Read MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam989 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant Muslim practices are the Five Pillars of Islam. These duties are rooted in the teachings of the Qur’an and in the example of the prophet, Muhammad. Therefore, Muslims are expected to observe them with the utmost respect and devotion. These pillars form the foundation for all good deeds and acts of worship to God. And, carrying out the Five Pillars demonstrates that faith comes first. The profession of faith, shahadah, is the first of the Five Pillars. The shahada is the most fundamentalRead MoreFive Pillars Of Islam And Islam1119 Words   |  5 PagesFive Pillars of Islam All great things are built on a solid and strong foundation. The religion of Islam is no different. The foundation on which Islam was built is known as The Five Pillars of Islam. These are the essential duties that are required of all Muslims. The pillars are the shahadah (declaration of faith), salah (establishment of the five ritual prayers), zakah (almsgiving), sawm (fasting the month of Ramadan), and hajj (pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca). These five pillars are inRead MoreIslam : The Five Pillars Of Islam1412 Words   |  6 Pagesto reflect and cultivate their faith through practicing the Arkan al-Islam - the Five Pillars of Islam. Islam embraces the paradigm of submission to the will of Allah for adherents to understand their place in the universe. The pillars are a foundation for the Muslim faith as evident by Muhammad s statement of ‘Islam is built upon five [pillars]’ recorded in the Hadith 3. This entails the declaration of faith (Shahadah), the five dai ly prayers (Salat), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting during the monthRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1439 Words   |  6 Pagestheir faith through practicing the Arkan al-Islam - the Five Pillars of Islam. It is the foundation for Muslim faith as evident by Muhammads statement of ‘Islam is built upon five [pillars]’ recorded in the Hadith 3. This entails the declaration of faith (Shahadah), the five daily prayers (Salat), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) and the Hajj pilgrimage. The Shahada translated as ‘testimony’ is the first pillar of Islam that involves reciting the testimony of faithRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe five pillars of Islam are five official acts considered mandatory for all Muslims. The  Quran  presents them as a structure of devotion and a sign of obligation to faith. One most accomplish them all to live a good and responsible life according to Islam. These pillars comprise of:  Shahada which means the declaration of faith, preforming the five daily prayers, giving money to the needy and the poor, cleansing the soul through fasting during the month of Ramadan, the pilgrimage once in a lifetimeRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam Essay764 Words   |  4 Pagesal-Bukhari, fortunately, the five pillars of Islam are actually seen outlined within the very first Hadith. The Five pillars, according to Traditions and Encounters, are a framework of obligations present to help form a unified Islami c community (p.263-264); Muhammad himself, in the 38th hadith, describes the five pillars as the baseline obligations of a Muslim to please Allah and enter paradise. The first Hadith states thusly, â€Å"Allah’s Apostle said: Islam is based on five [principles]: 1. To testifyRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1591 Words   |  7 PagesIslam Notes The most important Muslim practices are the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars of Islam are the five obligations that every Muslim must satisfy in order to live a good and responsible life according to Islam. The Five Pillars consist of: Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy Sawm: fasting during the month of RamadanRead MoreIslam Five Pillars1344 Words   |  6 PagesExplain and analyse the significance of the Five Pillars of Islam on the individual and the community making reference to the principal beliefs where relevant. Central to the Muslim belief is the importance of devotion and total submission to Allah. This is put into practice through the Five Pillars of Islam –the five obligatory duties that must be performed by all practising Muslims. These are the acts of faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Carrying out these duties creates structureRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1322 Words   |  6 Pagesof guidelines for moral instruction that is central to all. These rules are called the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars serves as a moral compass for all Muslims and are universally accepted. They are mentioned specifically in the Qur’an as they were recited to Muhammad. The first of the Five Pillars is the creed. It states that, â€Å"There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger,†. This pillar is at the core for the Muslim faith. A person truly becomes a Muslim when he/she recites

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone Free Essays

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone Abstraction–The purpose of this work is simplify the irrigation system utilizing cellular telephone. It is a radio control system for exchanging on/off of H2O pump by which a husbandman can easy command the irrigation of his field from any location. In rural country, changelesselectricity fluctuation and irregular power handiness are day-to-day jobs faced by many husbandmans for a long clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone or any similar topic only for you Order Now To rectify such type of job, we developed a radio irrigation system. Farmer merely demands to name a fixed figure and so he can supervise the irrigation system easy. So this system will alleviate the adversities of husbandmans by replacing the manual control of H2O pump with the radio automatic control. Keywords—DTMF decipherer, Wireless control, Irrigation system, Mobile phone, Relay I. Introduction There have been drastic socio-economic developments in the life of both rural and urban people since the debut of nomadic phones in India. With latest promotions in engineering and mass production of nomadic phones in the market, they have been used in every walk of life which includes mechanization work. The agribusiness industry is no manner behind in including these technological promotions [ 1 ] . With the approval of modern engineering, the crude method of agricultural plants is now altering and advanced methods are being introduced in it. Again the human head ever demands information of involvement to command systems of his/her pick. In the age of electronic systems it is of import to be able to command and get information from everyplace [ 2 ] . So this system allows us to upgrade the irrigation system with the aid of modern engineering. Using this system, the husbandman can command the irrigation from any topographic point. So he can provide the proper sum of H2O in his field. As a consequence, the production of his harvests will be much better. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM Previously, husbandmans were dependent to the rain H2O. Now with the progress in agricultural system, they supply H2O with the H2O pump in their field. But as electricity crisis is a common matter, frequent power failures is major hinderance for irrigation. Again their field is far from their abode sometimes. So it becomes hard to supervising the irrigation system ever. So we have developed a radio irrigation system which is controlled by an electronic device based on DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) engineering. By this, the husbandman can command the H2O pump through nomadic phone. When he sends any signal in the device, it responses with the bid. It switches on/off the H2O pump harmonizing to the input by the husbandman. DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) :DTMF is a generic communicating term for touch tone ( a Registered Trademark of AT A ; T ) . The tones produced when dialing on the computer keyboard on the phone could be used to stand for the figures, and a separate tone is used for each figure. However, there is ever a opportunity that a random sound will be on the same frequence which will trip up the system. It was suggested that if two tones were used to represent a figure, the likeliness of a false signal occurring is ruled out. This is the footing of utilizing double tone in DTMF communicating. DTMF dialing uses a computer keyboard with 12 buttons. Each key pressed on the phone generates two tone of specific frequences, so a voice or a random signal can non copy the tones. One tone is generated from a high frequence group of tones and the other from low frequence group [ 2 ] . The frequences generated on pressing different phone keys are shown in the Table 1. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Key Frequency ( Hz ) 1 697 1209 1906 2 697 1337 2034 3 697 1477 2174 4 770 1209 1979 5 770 1337 2107 6 770 1477 2247 7 852 1209 2061 8 852 1337 2189 9 852 1477 2329 0 941 1209 2150 * 941 1337 2278 # 941 1477 2418 Table 1: Frequency generated on cardinal imperativeness. Fig. 1: Hardware of the proposed device The developed device for the irrigation system consists of some constituents such as DTMF IC, micro-controller, relay etc. In this undertaking, we have used DTMF decipherer IC ( MT8870 ) to bring forth the frequence. The relay operates the motor of H2O pump harmonizing to the bid given on the Mobile. III. WORKING PROTOTYPE The system works through DTMF engineering. Here, we have to utilize two nomadic phone, one should be kept with the device and another will be operated by the husbandman. Farmer merely have to call to another Mobile and imperativeness the predefined key to run the H2O pump. Fig. 2: Use in existent life When the husbandman makes a call to another phone, the operation starts with it. Then he presses the denoted button on his phone. It creates tones which is transferred to the other phone and received by the DTMF decipherer circuit. Then it filters the signal and gives the end product. There are four end products which are denoted by Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Each button generates different tone and the end product are besides created harmonizing to the tone. The end product is given below in table 2. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 697 1209 0 0 0 1 2 697 1336 0 0 1 0 3 697 1477 0 0 1 1 4 770 1209 0 1 0 0 5 770 1336 0 1 0 1 6 770 1477 0 1 1 0 7 852 1209 0 1 1 1 8 852 1336 1 0 0 0 9 852 1477 1 0 0 1 0 941 1209 1 0 1 0 * 941 1336 1 0 1 1 # 941 1477 1 1 0 0 Table 2: End product for different keys So we have to choose which button we want to utilize to run. Then that matching end product is sent to the micro-controller. After that, micro-controller will direct the pulsation to relay. Now relay will drive the motor. In this manner, the husbandman can easy run his operation system. The block diagram of this working process is given in figure 3. Fig. 3: Block diagram of working process IV. RESULTS A ; DISCUSSIONS As this device aids to command the motor of H2O pump wirelessly, so it will assist to salvage the ingestion of power. Again we don’t have to be present to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So no more manual control will be. As we can provide the H2O in the field seasonably with the aid of this device, so the production will be much bigger and the husbandman will be benefited. The device is based on relay which can run really high H2O pumps. Again the cost of this device is really low. So that is rather low-cost for the husbandman. The husbandman can command the H2O supply to his field from any topographic point of the universe by merely pressing a button on his Mobile phone which is great for nonreader husbandmans. So with the execution of this undertaking, we can easy decrease many troubles in our agricultural system. V. CONCLUSION This proposed system provides an option to decrease the work of irrigation with the aid of nomadic engineering. It helps non merely to command the irrigation system but besides saves their clip needed to go to their field in order to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So there needs none to supervise the irrigation system instead timely irrigation can be easy ensured. So the production cost will lees than old which will be good for the husbandman. At-last we will promote the husbandmans to utilize this engineering for bettering their irrigation system to do maximal net income as good as to cut down the hard-work in monitoring H2O pump. Mentions [ 1 ] . V.Divya, A.Umamakeswari, â€Å"SMART IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE USING VOCAL COMMANDS† , International Journal of Engineering and Technology ( IJET ) , ISSN: 0975-4024, Vol 5 No. 1 Feb-Mar 2013. [ 2 ] . Tuljappa M Ladwa, Sanjay M Ladwa, R Sudharshan Kaarthik, Alok Ranjan Dhara, Nayan Dalei, â€Å"Control of Remote Domestic System Using DTMF â€Å" , ICICI-BME 2009 Bandung, Indonesia, page 69-74. [ 3 ] . EswaraRao Pandiripalli, Phani Ram Veeramachaneni, SambhaniMadhu Babu, Jafar Sadik, â€Å" INTERACTIVE IRRIGATION SYSTEM THROUGH MOBILE WITH IVR RESPONSE â€Å" , IJRET, Sep 2012, ISSN: 2319 – 1163, Vol No.1, page 36-40. How to cite Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone, Essay examples

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone Free Essays

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone Abstraction–The purpose of this work is simplify the irrigation system utilizing cellular telephone. It is a radio control system for exchanging on/off of H2O pump by which a husbandman can easy command the irrigation of his field from any location. In rural country, changelesselectricity fluctuation and irregular power handiness are day-to-day jobs faced by many husbandmans for a long clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone or any similar topic only for you Order Now To rectify such type of job, we developed a radio irrigation system. Farmer merely demands to name a fixed figure and so he can supervise the irrigation system easy. So this system will alleviate the adversities of husbandmans by replacing the manual control of H2O pump with the radio automatic control. Keywords—DTMF decipherer, Wireless control, Irrigation system, Mobile phone, Relay I. Introduction There have been drastic socio-economic developments in the life of both rural and urban people since the debut of nomadic phones in India. With latest promotions in engineering and mass production of nomadic phones in the market, they have been used in every walk of life which includes mechanization work. The agribusiness industry is no manner behind in including these technological promotions [ 1 ] . With the approval of modern engineering, the crude method of agricultural plants is now altering and advanced methods are being introduced in it. Again the human head ever demands information of involvement to command systems of his/her pick. In the age of electronic systems it is of import to be able to command and get information from everyplace [ 2 ] . So this system allows us to upgrade the irrigation system with the aid of modern engineering. Using this system, the husbandman can command the irrigation from any topographic point. So he can provide the proper sum of H2O in his field. As a consequence, the production of his harvests will be much better. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM Previously, husbandmans were dependent to the rain H2O. Now with the progress in agricultural system, they supply H2O with the H2O pump in their field. But as electricity crisis is a common matter, frequent power failures is major hinderance for irrigation. Again their field is far from their abode sometimes. So it becomes hard to supervising the irrigation system ever. So we have developed a radio irrigation system which is controlled by an electronic device based on DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) engineering. By this, the husbandman can command the H2O pump through nomadic phone. When he sends any signal in the device, it responses with the bid. It switches on/off the H2O pump harmonizing to the input by the husbandman. DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) :DTMF is a generic communicating term for touch tone ( a Registered Trademark of AT A ; T ) . The tones produced when dialing on the computer keyboard on the phone could be used to stand for the figures, and a separate tone is used for each figure. However, there is ever a opportunity that a random sound will be on the same frequence which will trip up the system. It was suggested that if two tones were used to represent a figure, the likeliness of a false signal occurring is ruled out. This is the footing of utilizing double tone in DTMF communicating. DTMF dialing uses a computer keyboard with 12 buttons. Each key pressed on the phone generates two tone of specific frequences, so a voice or a random signal can non copy the tones. One tone is generated from a high frequence group of tones and the other from low frequence group [ 2 ] . The frequences generated on pressing different phone keys are shown in the Table 1. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Key Frequency ( Hz ) 1 697 1209 1906 2 697 1337 2034 3 697 1477 2174 4 770 1209 1979 5 770 1337 2107 6 770 1477 2247 7 852 1209 2061 8 852 1337 2189 9 852 1477 2329 0 941 1209 2150 * 941 1337 2278 # 941 1477 2418 Table 1: Frequency generated on cardinal imperativeness. Fig. 1: Hardware of the proposed device The developed device for the irrigation system consists of some constituents such as DTMF IC, micro-controller, relay etc. In this undertaking, we have used DTMF decipherer IC ( MT8870 ) to bring forth the frequence. The relay operates the motor of H2O pump harmonizing to the bid given on the Mobile. III. WORKING PROTOTYPE The system works through DTMF engineering. Here, we have to utilize two nomadic phone, one should be kept with the device and another will be operated by the husbandman. Farmer merely have to call to another Mobile and imperativeness the predefined key to run the H2O pump. Fig. 2: Use in existent life When the husbandman makes a call to another phone, the operation starts with it. Then he presses the denoted button on his phone. It creates tones which is transferred to the other phone and received by the DTMF decipherer circuit. Then it filters the signal and gives the end product. There are four end products which are denoted by Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Each button generates different tone and the end product are besides created harmonizing to the tone. The end product is given below in table 2. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 697 1209 0 0 0 1 2 697 1336 0 0 1 0 3 697 1477 0 0 1 1 4 770 1209 0 1 0 0 5 770 1336 0 1 0 1 6 770 1477 0 1 1 0 7 852 1209 0 1 1 1 8 852 1336 1 0 0 0 9 852 1477 1 0 0 1 0 941 1209 1 0 1 0 * 941 1336 1 0 1 1 # 941 1477 1 1 0 0 Table 2: End product for different keys So we have to choose which button we want to utilize to run. Then that matching end product is sent to the micro-controller. After that, micro-controller will direct the pulsation to relay. Now relay will drive the motor. In this manner, the husbandman can easy run his operation system. The block diagram of this working process is given in figure 3. Fig. 3: Block diagram of working process IV. RESULTS A ; DISCUSSIONS As this device aids to command the motor of H2O pump wirelessly, so it will assist to salvage the ingestion of power. Again we don’t have to be present to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So no more manual control will be. As we can provide the H2O in the field seasonably with the aid of this device, so the production will be much bigger and the husbandman will be benefited. The device is based on relay which can run really high H2O pumps. Again the cost of this device is really low. So that is rather low-cost for the husbandman. The husbandman can command the H2O supply to his field from any topographic point of the universe by merely pressing a button on his Mobile phone which is great for nonreader husbandmans. So with the execution of this undertaking, we can easy decrease many troubles in our agricultural system. V. CONCLUSION This proposed system provides an option to decrease the work of irrigation with the aid of nomadic engineering. It helps non merely to command the irrigation system but besides saves their clip needed to go to their field in order to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So there needs none to supervise the irrigation system instead timely irrigation can be easy ensured. So the production cost will lees than old which will be good for the husbandman. At-last we will promote the husbandmans to utilize this engineering for bettering their irrigation system to do maximal net income as good as to cut down the hard-work in monitoring H2O pump. Mentions [ 1 ] . V.Divya, A.Umamakeswari, â€Å"SMART IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE USING VOCAL COMMANDS† , International Journal of Engineering and Technology ( IJET ) , ISSN: 0975-4024, Vol 5 No. 1 Feb-Mar 2013. [ 2 ] . Tuljappa M Ladwa, Sanjay M Ladwa, R Sudharshan Kaarthik, Alok Ranjan Dhara, Nayan Dalei, â€Å"Control of Remote Domestic System Using DTMF â€Å" , ICICI-BME 2009 Bandung, Indonesia, page 69-74. [ 3 ] . EswaraRao Pandiripalli, Phani Ram Veeramachaneni, SambhaniMadhu Babu, Jafar Sadik, â€Å" INTERACTIVE IRRIGATION SYSTEM THROUGH MOBILE WITH IVR RESPONSE â€Å" , IJRET, Sep 2012, ISSN: 2319 – 1163, Vol No.1, page 36-40. How to cite Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone, Essay examples

The Law of Contract Mike and Bob

Question: Discuss about the The Law of Contract Mike and Bob. Answer: Issue The issue in first case is to determine whether there is a contract formed between Mike and Bob. The issue in second case is to comment whether Bob and Tom have entered into legal relation or not. The issue in third case is to comment whether there is a lawful consideration present between the parties and if bob is legally responsible to extend the computer to Steve or not. The issue in the fourth case is comment whether there is a contract formed between Mary and Bob on the account of unilateral mistake and to forward a legal advice to Bob regarding his contractual liabilities. Law Individual who directs an offer is termed as offeror and the person who receives it is termed as offeree. In order to bring about validation of the acceptance, the offeree needs to make an unconditional acceptance (Richard, 2003). When the offeree has sent any conditional acceptance against the offer, then it is called as counter offer. The drawback of sending a counter offer is that it terminates the original offers as per the verdict of Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 case. It means, the offeree cannot accept the original offer after extending the counter offer and no contract would be formed based on the revoked offer (Andrews, 2011). The witness of this understanding is Normile v Miller, 326 .S.E. 2nd 11(1985) case. An offer would be enforceable when it was successfully accepted on behalf of offeree. When unconditional acceptance has been sent on behalf of offeree through postal media, then at that moment contract is formed and it becomes enforceable. Further, according to the judgment made in Dickinson v. Dodds(1876) 2 Ch.D. 463 case, if the offeror aims to cancel the offer, then it is essential that he must inform the offeree before the offer gets accepted on the part of offeree (McKendrick, 2003). Further if the offeree has accepted and sent acceptance via post then the acceptance is enforceable at the moment the acceptance letter leaves the offeree and then the offeror cannot cancel the offer and an enforceable contract has been formed between the parties as given in the verdict of Adams v. Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 25 case (Peel, 2008). According to contract law, parties cannot form a contract based on past consideration. It is noteworthy that any previous act, promise or favour would not be held legally valid to use for contract enactment. The above understanding has been highlighted in Re McArdle (1951)case (Carter, 2012). The principle of doctrine of promissory estoppel protects the rights of innocent party who has mainly conducted work while relying on the promise made by the promisor. According to the verdict of Waltons Stores Ltd v Maher (1988) 164 CLR 387 case, when parties do not want to enter into contract but due to any mistake on the part of promiser an acceptance is made for offeree, then also the parties are legally bound to complete the contractual obligations(Andrews, 2011). Application Offeror Mike has extended an offer to buy laptop from Bob. He has stated in the offer that $300 would be the price of laptop including GST.Bob the offeree has made an acceptance that amount $300 would not include GST and communicated the same to Mike. This conditional acceptance would result in counter offer against the initial offer. Therefore, the initial offer also gets revoked and hence, the offer is no more valid for acceptance to offeree. Any acceptance on behalf of Bob with respect to initial offer would not be considered a legal acceptance because the initial offer does not exist. Hence, there is no liability on behalf of Mike to pay the amount or accept the delivery because no contract has been enacted between them. On January 10, Bob made an offer to buy hard drives from Tom and the offer had been accepted on behalf of offeree Tom. In regards to communicate the acceptance, Tom had used postal media and sent the acceptance on January 12. It is apparent that acceptance is unconditional and legal. This means the acceptance resulted in contract formation at the time when Tom has posted the letter. Further, Bob cannot cancel the offer after the enforceability of acceptance. Hence, a valid contract has formed between Bob and Tom and Bob is legally bound to complete the contractual duties. Steve has performed a favour to Bob by taking care of Bobs cat when Bob was out of town. After that, when Bob has returned home, Steve asked him to issue a new computer. Bob agreed to issue computer to him because he had kept the cat on behalf of Bob. However, Bob denies issuing the computer. In this case, for performing the present act, they are referring to a past favour which leads to a past consideration. Therefore, no contract would be formed between them on the account of past consideration. Mary offers a letter to Bob about the van which Bob does not want to buy. However, he has mistakenly signed the letter and same has been faxed to Mike. Both Mary and Bob were not aware about the mistake. Mary has received the letter and on relying on Bobs promise, she has ordered another van and delivered the available van to Bob. In this case, the innocent party Mary has the rights to ask Bob to complete the promise or she can claim for damages under the provisions of doctrine of promissory estoppel. Conclusion 1st case: There would be no contract enacted between Bob and Mike because Bob has extended a counter offer against the original offer which resulted in termination of initial offer. 2nd case: A valid enforceable contract has been formed between Bob and Tom because Tom has sent the legal acceptance to Bob that resulted in contract formation. 3rd case: Past consideration cannot be used to enter into a present contract and thus, no contract would be formed between Steve and Bob. Hence, Bob is not legally binding to extend the computer to Steve. 4th case: Due to the applicability of doctrine of promissory estoppel, Bob has entered into contractual relation with Mary and thus, liable to complete the contractual duties. Referencs Andrews, Neil, (2011). Contract Law (3rded.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carter, J. (2012). Contract Act in Australia (3rded.). Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. McKendrick, E. (2003). Contract Law (5thed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave. Peel, E. (2008). The Law of Contract (7thed.). London: Thompson. Richard, S. (2003). The Modern Law of Contract (5thed.). London: Cavendish. Case Law Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 Dickinson v. Dodds (1876) 2 Ch.D. 463 Adams v. Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 25 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669